Bivalirudin (direct thrombin inhibitor), in combination with aspirin and clopidogrel, is recommended for patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI (although practice may vary between centres) The book is edited and written by two of the authors behind the bestselling Cardiology in a Heartbeat and features several common design elements and features.

Agents such as adenosine, dipyridamole and regadenoson are used as vasodilators in myocardial perfusion imaging stress tests All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy."LV aneurysm typically develops after 4–5 weeks, presenting with LV failure, VT and systemic emboli. ECG shows persistent ST elevation. Treat with anticoagulation and/or excision. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) then converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which mediates its effects, primarily by vasoconstriction and increased water retention. The jugular venous pressure (JVP)

ACE inhibitors are used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure; the most notable side effects are a dry cough and angioedema, which may be avoided by switching or stopping the medication. ACE inhibitors should be prescribed with caution in patients with hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia or renal dysfunction, and are contraindicated in pregnancy. IV morphine for pain: (e.g. 2.5mg boluses, 5 minutes apart), with up-titration if clinically indicated; may also be used for pulmonary oedema, shortness of breath or anxiety The infundibulum is a funnel-shaped muscular structure that forms the right ventricular outflow tract and supports the pulmonary valve, through which deoxygenated blood flows to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk Definition: stable angina generally occurs due to a fixed narrowing of the coronary arteries, resulting in symptoms typically associated with exertion, emotion, eating and cold weather. The onset of symptoms is predictable and resolves once the stimulus is removed (e.g. resting after exertion). Epidemiology: There are various reasons for cardiac related deaths due to covid . From myocarditis, Myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism , cytokine storm etc.

Cardiovascular investigations

Cardiac myocytes, which differ in cellular structure from skeletal and smooth muscle myocytes, contract at a cellular level by means of a phenomenon known as calcium-induced calcium release. of the population have a right dominant heart, in which the posterior descending artery originates from the terminal branch of the RCA; whereas the LCX normally supplies the posterior descending artery in a left dominant heart Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the number one worldwide cause of death and disability. It is a complex process, affecting principally medium- to large-sized arteries. It normally results in luminal stenosis which may be progressive over time. Pathologically, there is focal accumulation within the intimal layer of the arterial wall of cells, lipids, fibrous tissue and complex proteoglycans, eventually leading to the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. As they advance, these plaques also accumulate calcium, giving rise to the colloquial term ‘hardening of the arteries’. And when I sleeping suddenly waken cause my heart beats fasts for some second s and mt heart beat slow 57 BPM when I was in deep sleep.

The atheroma also causes endothelial dysfunction, reducing vasodilator release (e.g. nitric oxide and prostacyclin) Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) should be used as and when necessary, repeating a second time after 5 minutes if the pain persists; call an ambulance if the pain persists 5 minutes after a second dose

Conducting system of the heart

I am using 4th month OCD medication but still fear and thoughts regarding death of parents is not going away from mind. The dosage of these drugs is usually set by the doctor according to the patient's needs or age (e.g., hypotensive drugs). In this case, you also don't have to worry about medical dosage calculations! General principles: the aim of management is to ensure treatment of all underlying pathology, encourage lifestyle changes (including treating sleep apnoea, which has been linked to poorer outcomes), manage symptoms and prevent episodes of acute decompensation as far as possible. Weighing the patient daily may also help provide an assessment of fluid status.

Obsessive thoughts of death can come from anxiety as well as depression. They might include worrying that you or someone you love w

First start folic acid and consult to gynecologist get done ultrasonography and all basic hormones level.she will guide you what to do,how to take precaution.