Anne Sexton (11 July 2006). "Cripples And Other Stories - Poem by Anne Sexton". Poem Hunter. poemhunter . Retrieved 18 April 2019. Nordenskiold, Erland (1929), "The American Indian as an Inventor", Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 59: 277, doi: 10.2307/2843888, JSTOR 2843888

a b Sterling Haynes (December 2012). "Special feature: Tobacco smoke enemas". British Columbia Medical Journal. Doctors of BC . Retrieved 29 March 2019. In Cervantes' Don Quixote, a narrative to Sancho includes “The Knight of the Sun ... bound hand and foot ... was administered a clyster of snow water and sand that almost disracted him" [160] The term "colonic irrigation" is commonly used in gastroenterology to refer to the practice of introducing water through a colostomy or a surgically constructed conduit as a treatment for constipation. [97] The Food and Drug Administration has ruled that colonic irrigation equipment is not approved for sale for the purpose of general well-being [98] and has taken action against many distributors of this equipment, including a Warning Letter. [99] Colon cleansing In the 18th century Europeans began emulating the indigenous peoples of North America's use of tobacco smoke enemas to resuscitate drowned people. [94] Tobacco resuscitation kits consisting of a pair of bellows and a tube were provided by the Royal Humane Society of London and placed at various points along the Thames. [90] Furthermore, these enemas came to be employed for headaches, respiratory failure, colds, hernias, abdominal cramps, typhoid fever, and cholera outbreaks. [94]Barium/Gastroview Enema". Our Services. Southwest Medical Center in Liberal, Kansas, USA . Retrieved 1 April 2019. Well documented as having no proven benefits and considered by medical authorities as rash and potentially dangerous is an enema of coffee. [101] [118] Engelhorn, Robert; Seeger, Ernst; Zwaving, Jan H. (2000). "Laxatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi: 10.1002/14356007.a15_183. ISBN 3527306730. Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition". Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). November 2016 . Retrieved 3 March 2019.

Ingelfinger, Franz J. (1954). "Treatment of Chronic Constipation". Clinical and Patient Services > Tutorials for Patients & Families. 58 (4): 503–512. Bibcode: 1954NYASA..58..503I. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1954.tb45865.x. PMC 5251364. PMID 29831395 . Retrieved 12 September 2018. Introducing healthy bacterial flora through infusion of stool, known as a fecal microbiota transplant, was first performed in 1958 employing retention enemas. Enemas remained the most common method until 1989, when alternative means of administration were developed. [57] As of 2013, colonoscope implantation has been preferred over fecal enemas because by using the former method, the entire colon and ileum can be inoculated, but enemas reach only to the splenic flexure. [58]Carballo-Diéguez, Alex; Bauermeister, José A.; Ventuneac, Ana; Dolezal, Curtis; Balan, Ivan; Remien, Robert H. (2007). "The Use of Rectal Douches among HIV-uninfected and Infected Men who Have Unprotected Receptive Anal Intercourse: Implications for Rectal Microbicides". AIDS and Behavior. 12 (6): 860–866. doi: 10.1007/s10461-007-9301-0. ISSN 1090-7165. PMC 2953367. PMID 17705033. Make sure the person receiving the enema is relaxed and calm. It is much harder to insert the enema and its contents if the muscles are too tight. There might be some liquid leaking out, therefore the towels will make cleanup much easier.

R. Saint Claire (20 September 2016). "My Return to Peyton Place". Ex Libris Regina. R. Saint Claire. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019 . Retrieved 18 April 2019. The topical administration of medications into the rectum, such as corticosteroids and mesalazine used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Administration by enema avoids having the medication pass through the entire gastrointestinal tract, therefore simplifying the delivery of the medication to the affected area and limiting the amount that is absorbed into the bloodstream. Cullingworth, Charles James (1883). A Manual of Nursing, Medical and Surgical. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press (published 2009). ISBN 978-1-4590-1939-3. clyster (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper of the LNP Media Group . Retrieved 29 December 2019.object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object] Richter JM, Arshi NK, Oster G. Oral 5-Aminosalicylate, Mesalamine Suppository, and Mesalamine Enema as Initial Therapy for Ulcerative Proctitis in Clinical Practice with Quality of Care Implications. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;2016:6928710. doi:10.1155/2016/6928710

In Grace Metalious's novel Peyton Place, the town doctor tells of "a young boy with the worst case of dehydration I ever saw. It came from getting too many enemas that he didn't need. Sex, with a capital S-E-X.". [164] As a teenager, the boy enjoys receiving enemas from his mother. [165]

Clyster entered the English language in the late 14th century from Old French or Latin, from Greek κλυστήρ (klyster), "syringe", itself from κλύζειν (klyzein), "to wash out", [70] also spelled glister in the 18th century, [71] is a generally archaic word used more particularly for enemas administered using a clyster syringe. In Flora Rheta Schreiber's book Sybil, Sybil's psychiatrist asks her "What's Mama been doing to you, dear?...I know she gave you the enemas." [166] ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System) – Synopsis". National Institutes of Health . Retrieved 1 February 2020. In Molière's play The Imaginary Invalid, Argan, a severe hypochondriac, is addicted to enemas as indicated by such lines as when Bĕralde asks, "Can't you be one moment without a purge?" [162]